Logical Reasoning-Statement and Assumption

Statement : It is desirable to put the child in school at the of 5 or so.
Assumptions :
I. At that age the child reaches appropriate level of development and is ready to learn.
II. The schools do not admit children after six years of age.

Statement : We must settle all the payment due to our suppliers within three working days.
Assumptions :
I. We will always have necessary funds in our account to settle the bills.
II. We are capable of verifying and clearing the bills in less than three working days.

Statement : The chairman and secretary of the housing society have requested society members to use water economically to help society save on water tax.

Assumptions :
I. Majority of members of society are likely to follow the request.
II. It is desirable to reduce expenditure wherever possible

Statement : Savita made an application to the bank for a loan of Rs 180000 by mortgaging his house to the bank and promised to repay it in 5 years.

Assumptions:
I. The bank has a practice of granting loans for Rs. 100000 and above.
II. The bank accepts house as collateral security against such loans.

Statement : “I would like to study the impact of pay revision on job satisfaction of employees.” – A tells B

Assumptions :
I. Job satisfaction can be measured.
I. A has necessary competence to undertake such study.

Statement : Double your money in five months – An advertisement.

Assumptions :
I. The assurance is not genuine.
II. People want their money to grow.

Statement : Never before such a lucid book was available on this topic.
Assumptions :
I. Some other books were available on this topic.
II. You can write lucid books on very few topics.

Statement : The private bus services in the city has virtually collapsed because of the ongoing strike of its employees.
Assumptions :
I. Going on strikes has become the right of every employee.
II. People no more require the services of private bus operators.

Statement : Read this book to get detailed and most comprehensive information on this issue.

Assumptions :
I. The person who wants this information can read.
II. There are other books available on this issue.

Statement : In case of any difficulty about this case, you may contact our company’s lawyer.
Assumptions :
I. Each company has a lawyer of its own.
II. The company’s lawyer is thoroughly briefed about this case

Statement: “In order to bring punctuality in our office, we must provide conveyance allowance to our employees.” – In charge of a company tells Personnel Manager.

Assumptions:

I. Conveyance allowance will not help in bringing punctuality.
II. Discipline and reward should always go hand in hand.

Statement : ‘Guests should be provided lunch’ – A tells B
Assumptions :
I. Unless told, lunch may not be provided.
II. Guests will stay during lunch time.

Statement: The State government has decided to appoint four thousand primary school teachers during the next financial year.

Assumptions:

I. There are enough schools in the state to accommodate four thousand additional primary school teachers.
II. The eligible candidates may not be interested to apply as the government may not finally appoint such a large number of primary school teachers.

Statement: If it is easy to become an engineer, I don’t want to be an engineer.

Assumptions:

I. An individual aspires to be professional.
II. One desires to achieve a thing which is hard earned.

Statement : Money is the root cause of the problems in a family.
Assumptions :
I. Every problem is caused by something.
II. There are always some problems in the family.

Statement: Detergents should be used to clean clothes.

Assumptions:

I. Detergents form more lather.
II. Detergents help to dislodge grease and dirt.

Statement: His recent investment in the shares of Company A is only a gamble.

Assumptions:

I. He may incur loss on his investment.
II. He may gain from his investment.

Statement: Safety and health practices in many Indian companies are well below the international standards.

Assumptions:

I. International standards of health and safety are ideal and unrealistic.
II. Indian organizations do not consider safety and health management as their prime social responsibility.

Statement: Lack of stimulation in the first four or five years of life can have adverse consequences.

Assumptions:

I. A great part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life
II. 50 percent of the measurable intelligence at age of 17 is already predictable by the age of four.

Statement : Unemployment allowance should be given to all unemployed Indian youth above 18 years of age.

Assumptions :
I. There are unemployed youth in India who need monitory support.
II. The government has sufficient funds to provide allowance to the unemployed youth.

Statement: “Computer education should start at schools itself.”

Assumptions:

I. Learning computers is easy.
II. Computer education fetches jobs easily.

Statement: The organization should promote employees on the basis of merit alone and not on the basis of length of service or seniority.

Assumptions:

I. Length of service or seniority does not alone reflect merit of an employee.
II. It is possible to determine and measure merit of an employee.

Statement : I can take you quickly from Kanpur to Lucknow by my cab but then you must pay double charges.

Assumptions :
I. Normally, It will take more time to reach there.
II. People want to reach quickly without paying extra money for it.

Statement : Whenever you have any doubt on this subject, you may refer to the book by XYZ.

Assumptions :
I. The book by XYZ is available.
II. There is no other book on this subject.

Statement :
There is no reason to rule out the possibility of life on Mars. Therefore, the exploration of that planet has to be undertaken.
Assumptions:
I. There is life on Mars.
II. The search for life is the sufficient reason for space exploration.

Statement :
Do not copy software without our permission – A notice.
Assumptions :
I. It is possible to copy the software.
II. Such warning will have some effect.

Statement :

The economic prosperity of any nation is dependent on the quality of its human resources.

Assumptions :

I. It is possible to measure the quality of human resources of a Nation.
II. Achieving economic prosperity is a cherished goal of any nation.

Statement : Government aided schools should have uniformity in charging various fees.

Assumptions :
I. The Government’s subsidy comes from the money collected by way of taxes from people.
II. The Government while giving subsidy may have stipulated certain uniform conditions regarding fees.

Statement : The civic authority appealed to the people for reduction in usage of water as there may be an acute shortage during the coming weeks.

Assumptions :
I. There will be no rain in recent future.
II. The people are ready to follow the advice of the civic authority.

Statement : The civic authority appealed to the people for reduction in usage of water as there may be an acute shortage during the coming weeks.

Assumptions :
I. There will be no rain in recent future.
II. The people are ready to follow the advice of the civic authority.

Statement : The railway authorities have decided to increase the freight charges by 10% in view of the possibility of incurring losses in the current financial year.

Assumptions :
I. The volume of freight during the remaining period may remain same.
II. The amount so obtained may set off a part or total of the estimated deficit.

Statement: Why don’t you invite Anthony for the Christmas party this year?

Assumptions:

1. Anthony is not from the same city.
2. Unless invited Anthony will not attend the party.

Statement: Sachin wrote to his brother at Bangalore to collect personally the application form the University for the Post-graduation Course in Mathematics.

Assumptions:

1. The University may issue application forms to a person other than the prospective student.
2. Sachin’s brother may receive the letter well before the last date of collecting application forms.

Statement: “Apply nets on windows to prevent the entrance of mosquitoes in the house.”

Assumptions:

1. The entering of mosquitoes from entrances other than windows is desirable.
2. Nets are not available to apply on doors.

Statement: Among all the articles, the prices of personal computers show the highest decline from June 2005 to December 2005.

Assumptions:

1. Comparative prices of all the articles in June and December 2005 were available.
2. Prices of personal computers were higher in the first six months than the last six months of 2005

Statement: Most people who stop smoking gain weight.

Assumptions:

1. If one stops smoking, one will gain weight.
2. If one does not stop smoking, one will not gain weight

Statement: The State government has decided to appoint four thousand primary school teachers during the next financial year.

Assumptions:

1. There are enough schools in the state to accommodate four thousand additional primary school teachers.
2. The eligible candidates may not be interested to apply as the government may not finally appoint such a large number of primary school teachers.

Statement: A warning in a train compartment – “To stop train, pull chain. Penalty for improper use 500.”

Assumptions:

1. Some people misuse the alarm chain.
2. On certain occasions, people may want to stop a running train.

Statement: If it is easy to become an engineer, I don’t want to be an engineer.

Assumptions:

1. An individual aspires to be professional.
2. One desires to achieve a thing which is hard earned.

Statement: The concession in rail fares for the journey to hill stations has been cancelled because it is not needed for people who can spend their holidays there.

Assumptions:

1. Railways should give concession only to needy persons.
2. Railways should not encourage people to spend their holidays at hill stations.

Statement: “The bridge was built at the cost of Rs. 128 crores and even civil bus service is not utilizing it, what a pity to see it grossly underutilized.” – A citizen’s view on a new flyover linking east and west sides of a suburb.

Assumptions:

1. The building of such bridges does not serve any public objective.
2. There has to be some accountability and utility of money spent on public projects.

Statement: The Government has decided to levy 2 percent on the tax amount payable for funding drought relief programmes.

Assumptions:

1. The Government does not have sufficient money to fund drought relief programmes.
2. The amount collected by way of surcharge may be adequate to fund these drought relief programmes.

Statement: Try to steal this camera from our store – a display on a departmental store.

Assumptions:

1. People want to own a camera.
2. The store has a video monitoring system to detect stealing.

Statement: Detergents should be used to clean clothes.

Assumptions:

1. Detergents form more lather.
2. Detergents help to dislodge grease and dirt.

Statement: It will be a substantial achievement in the field of education if one provides one school for every village in our country and enforce attendance.

Assumptions:

1. Children in villages do not attend school regularly.
2. Providing school to every village is desirable.

Statement: The government has decided to disinvest large chunk of its equity in select public sector undertakings for a better fiscal management.

Assumptions:

1. The amount generated out of the disinvestment process may reduce substantially the mounting fiscal deficits.
2. There will be enough demand in the market for the shares of these undertakings.

Statement: Never before such a lucid book was available on the topic.

Assumptions:

1. Some other books were available on this topic.
2. You can write lucid books on very few topics.

Statement: Please do not use lift while going down – an instruction on the top floor of a five-storey building.

Assumptions:

1. While going down, the lift is unable to carry any load.
2. Provision of lift is a matter of facility and not of right.

Statement: “I have not received telephone bills for nine months inspite of several complaints” – A telephone customer’s letter to the editor of a daily.

Assumptions:

1. Every customer has a right to get bills regularly from the telephone company.
2. The customer’s complaints point to defect in the services which are expected to be corrected.

Statement: “This drink can be had either as it is, or after adding ice to it.” – An advertisement.

Assumptions:

1. People differ in their preferences.
2. Some people will get attracted to the drink as it can be had as it is.

Statement: Government has permitted unaided colleges to increase their fees.

Assumptions:

1. Unaided colleges are in financial difficulties.
2. Aided colleges do not need to increase fees.

Statement: Be humble even after being victorious.

Assumptions:

1. Many people are humble after being victorious.
2. Generally people are not humble.

Statement: The government has decided to pay compensation to the tune of Rs. 1 lakh to the family members of those who are killed in railway accidents.

Assumptions:

1. The government has enough funds to meet the expenses due to compensation.
2. There may be reduction in incidents of railway accidents in near future.

Statement: Films have become indispensable for the entertainment of people.

Assumptions:

1. Films are the only media of entertainment.
2. People enjoy films.

Statement: Of all the newspapers published in Mumbai, readership of the “Times” is the largest in the Metropolis.

Assumptions:

1. ‘Times’ is not popular in mofussil areas.
2. ‘Times’ has the popular feature of cartoons on burning social and political issues.

Statement: Apart from the entertainment value of television, its educational value cannot be ignored.

Assumptions:

1. People take television to be a means of entertainment only.
2. The educational value of television is not realised properly.

Statement: Children are influenced more by their teachers nowadays.

Assumptions:

1. The children consider teachers as their models.
2. A large amount of children’s time is spent in school.

Statement: You know that your suit is excellent when people ask about your tailor who tailored the suit.

Assumptions:

1. People do not ask about your tailor if your suit is not good.
2. The people want to know the criterion of an excellent suit.

Statement: His recent investment in the shares of Company A is only a gamble.

Assumptions:

1. He may incur loss on his investment.
2. He may gain from his investment.

Statement: Why don’t you go to the court if the employer does not pay you the Provident Fund contribution?

Assumptions:

1. Courts can intervene in matters of dispute between employer and employees.
2. It is obligatory for the employer to pay the Provident Fund contribution to the employees.

Statement: ‘Double your money in five months.’ – An advertisement.

Assumptions:

1. The assurance is not genuine.
2. People want their money to grow.

Statement: The education of a student at collegiate level, not taking into account maintenance expenses, costs four hundred rupees a year. Collegiate education is thus drawing heavily upon the national resources of an impoverished community. So college education should be restricted to a brilliant few.

Assumptions:

1. Our resources are very limited.
2. Only a few students should be admitted to the colleges.

Statement: A’s advice to B – “Go to Helsinki via Tallinn – the shortest route”.

Assumptions:

1. B wishes to go to Helsinki.
2. A gives advice to everybody.

Statement: All existing inequalities can be reduced, if not utterly eradicated, by action of governments or by revolutionary change of government.

Assumptions:

1. Inequality is a man-made phenomenon.
2. No person would voluntarily part with what he possesses.

Statement: The campaign of ‘Keep your city clean’ started by the Civil Council did not evoke any response from the citizens.

Assumptions:

1. People do not desire to keep their city clean.
2. The Civil Council has failed in its campaign.

Statement: The district administration has issued a circular to all the farmers under its jurisdiction advising them for not using pesticides indiscriminately as it may pollute the ground water.

Assumptions:

1. People may stop using ground water if the farmers continue to use pesticides indiscriminately.
2. Farmers may refrain from using pesticides indiscriminately.

Statement: The coffee powder of company X is quite better in taste than the much advertised coffee of company Y.

Assumptions:

1. If your product is not good, your spend more on advertisement.
2. Some people are tempted to buy a product by the advertisement.

Statement: Of all the radio sets manufactured in India, the ‘X’ brand has the largest sale.

Assumptions:

1. The sale of all the radio sets manufactured in India is known.
2. The manufacturing of no other radio set in India is as large as ‘X’ brand radio.

Statement: “You should not grant him leave in this week due to exigency of work.” – A supervisor advises the administrative officer.

Assumptions:

1. Request for leave can be turned down also.
2. The supervisor has reviewed the work required to be done during the said period.

Statement: Like a mad man, I decided to follow him.

Assumptions:

1. I am not a mad man.
2. I am a mad man.